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Impact of maximal strength training on work efficiency and muscle fiber type in the elderly: Implications for physical function and fall prevention
Home » december main topic - stregth » Impact of maximal strength training on work efficiency and muscle fiber type in the elderly: Implications for physical function and fall prevention

Impact of maximal strength training on work efficiency and muscle fiber type in the elderly: Implications for physical function and fall prevention

November 25, 2018 10:25 am Comments Off on Impact of maximal strength training on work efficiency and muscle fiber type in the elderly: Implications for physical function and fall prevention morw31

EivindWang, Stian KwakNyberg, JanHoff, JiaZhao, GunnarLeivseth, TomTørhaug, Otto SchnellHusby, JanHelgerud, Russell S.Richardson

 

Highlights

• High intensity maximal strength training (MST) improves work efficiency.
• In the current study  we provide new insight in the underlying muscle morphology.
• Despite associated with neural adaptations, MST leads to Type II fiber alterations.
• Similar to moderate intensity hypertrophy-inducing strength training
•MST is an excellent strategy for improving physical function and preventing falls.

Abstract

Although aging is typically associated with a decreased efficiency of locomotion, somewhat surprisingly, there is also a reduction in the proportion of less efficient fast-twitch Type II skeletal muscle fibers and subsequently a greater propensity for falls. Maximal strength training (MST), with an emphasis on velocity in the concentric phase, improves maximal strength, the rate of force development (RFD), and work efficiency, but the impact on muscle morphology in the elderly is unknown. Therefore we evaluated force production, walking work efficiency, and muscle morphology in 11 old (72 ± 3 years) subjects before and after MST of the legs. Additionally, for reference, the MST-induced morphometric changes were compared with 7 old (74 ± 6 years) subjects who performed conventional strength training (CST), with focus on hypertrophy, as well as 13 young (24 ± 2 years) controls. As expected, MST in the old improved maximal strength (68%), RFD (48%), and work efficiency (12%), restoring each to a level similar to the young. However, of importance, these MST-induced functional changes were accompanied by a significant increase in the size (66%) and shift toward a larger percentage (56%) of Type II skeletal muscle fibers, mirroring the adaptations in the hypertrophy trained old subjects, with muscle composition now being similar to the young. In conclusion, MST can increase both work efficiency and Type II skeletal muscle fiber size and percentage in the elderly, supporting the potential role of MST as a countermeasure to maintain both physical function and fall prevention in this population.

Experimental Gerontology

Volume 91, May 2017, Pages 64-71
Posted in: december main topic - stregth
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